Simulation of virus dissemination

In the following dissemination of a virus has been simulated following a few simple rules. Because these rules are so simple, the results obtained should not be valued too much. Even so, several phenomena can be illustrated reasonably well.
A number of inhabitants are assigned to each of the pixels of a bitmap (here it will be 4, such that a pixel corresponds more or less to a home with four residents). The pixel is coloured red if one or more residents are contaminated. A pixel can take on shades of yellow if the number of ill persons of a pixel exceeds the number of inhabitants at the start of the simulation (guests). Immunised persons are indicated in hues of blue.
Per iteration (= ~ a video image) the program calculates the number of persons contaminated by their next neighbours as well as how far (how many pixels) an inhabitant has travelled (if he is allowed to at least). All parameters (i.e. the probability of transmission, de mean durations of contagiousness and immunity, the probability of death of a patient, the fraction of mobile persons and their mean mobility) are considered to be Poisson-distributed (see the figure below). Every decision taken by the program is determined by throwing dice (in other words: it takes a random sample of the Poisson distribution).
Poisson   A Possion distribution with a mean of 10

The three graphs to the left of the three videos below, which correspond to three scenarios, indicate how the total numbers of contagious, immunised and deceased persons in the entire bitmap evolve during the run of the iterations.

resume       
Uncontrolled dissemination.
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Air traffic and public transport are stopped.
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People may not leave their houses.
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By modelling coronavirus dissimination in the UK and the US, it has been reported by the Imperial College in London, march 2020 that social distancing in combination with confinement and quarantine of exposed individuals could suppress the incidence of new CoViD cases. However, to avoid the re-emergence of the disease these interventions would need to be maintained until a vaccine is developed, which could take one year and a half or longer. One of the graphs of this report is very illustrative:
      report
Suppression strategy scenarios for the UK showing ICU bed requirements. The black line shows the unmitigated epidemic. Green shows a suppression strategy incorporating closure of schools and universities, case isolation and population-wide social distancing beginning in late March 2020. The orange line shows a containment strategy incorporating case isolation, household quarantine and population-wide social distancing. The red line is the estimated surge ICU bed capacity in GB. The blue shading shows the 5-month period in which these interventions are assumed to remain in place.
Ferguson et al. Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce COVID-19 mortality and healthcare demand. (March 2020) Imperial College London (16-03-2020), doi: https://doi.org/10.25561/77482.

If immunity is finite, for example if the virus gradually changes properties as occurs with the season flue, then it may happen that the virus recurs in waves: It has become endemic. In the images and videos below, the virus infection comes back in more or less concentric circles (left) or, with a slightly different parameter setting, the virus spreads in a chaotic manner (right).

       recurrent          chaos
      
Repeated recurrence of contagion.
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Chaotic dissemination.
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       "Viral Whisper" is a soundtrack that has been created by moving sound-windows over the PC's desktop.
For a detailed description see the "Best of Windows" page. The video underneath accompanies the track.

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